the Concept
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In January 2026, Anthropic published a heavily revised version of Claude's Constitution: the privately authored framework governing how its AI reasons through open-ended situations. The effort is part of a broader search for moral grounding, one that has recently taken the company as far as the Vatican. The instinct to make Claude adhere to a set of general principles is understandable, even laudable. There is, however, a fundamental democratic problem. A constitution a company writes for its own product is one thing when that product is optional. It becomes something else when a constitutionally governed AI starts sitting inside welfare systems, advice desks, and government services people cannot meaningfully avoid. In a new paper, I call this line the Infrastructure Threshold, and I argue we're already drifting toward it through pilots, partnerships, and conveniences that each look sensible on their own. Once we cross the threshold, a private normative framework is quietly doing public work, and our usual governance tools can't adequately reach it. Legislation would be the most appropriate route. Procurement -- the point at which governments actually buy these systems -- offers a faster (if imperfect) one: attach democratic authorship conditions before the technology becomes too ordinary to remove. However we proceed, the question is one worth settling deliberately now, before institutional dependence settles it by default.

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We the Company: Constitutional AI, Public Infrastructure, and the Democratic Legitimacy Problem

May 29, 2026
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About the Author:

Hello! My name is Ankesh Chandaria, and I'm a researcher and strategy advisor exploring the complex ways AI intersects with society, business, and governance. My work sits at the crossroads of philosophy, law, and emerging tech, helping organizations think critically about the opportunities and risks AI presents.

I use this page to share my views on responsible innovation, policy challenges, and the evolving relationship between humans and intelligent systems. Whether you’re shaping AI strategy, navigating ethical questions, or just curious about where all of this is headed, I hope these ideas spark new ways of thinking.